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ื•ื™ื”ึดื™ ื“ื•ึดื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ึดืฉื™ ื—ื›ื ื•ืื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ืฉึถืžืฉ

ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชื”ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ื“

ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ืžืขืจื” ืžืก' 11 ืขื ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื•ืจื›ื” 4.25 ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ืขื’ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื™ื• 1 ืž"ืž. ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืจืžื™ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืจืืŸ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื”ืณ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืฅ, ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ื. ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” 39 ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื‘ ื›ื’), ื•- 9 ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืกื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”.


ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ื—ื›ื ื•ืื•ืจ ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื
ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื™ื”ื•ื” ืจื•ื— ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช
ื•ืฉื™ืจ ืœืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื
ืœื›ื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช
ื•ืœืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
ื•ืœื›ื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจ
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื” ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช
ื•ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื•ืขื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื”
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื
ื›ื•ืœ ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช:

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืงื

ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืื–ืžืจื”
ืืฉื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืชืžื™ื ืžืชื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™
ืืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™
ืœื ืืฉื™ืช ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ
ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืงืฉ ื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืžื ื™
ืจืข ืœื ืื“ืข ืžืœื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืจืขื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ืืฆืžื™ืช
ื’ื‘ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘ ืืชื• ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ
ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ืืžื ื™ ืืจืฅ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืžื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ืชืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืชื ื™
ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืžื™ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื•ื
ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจื™ื ืืฆืžื™ืช ื›ืœ ืจืฉืขื™ ืืจืฅ
ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ืžืขื™ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ


ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืงื‘

ืชืคืœื” ืœืขื ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืฉื™ื—ื•
ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉืžืขื” ืชืคืœืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ืš ืชื‘ื•ื
ืชื•ืœืขืช ื”ืขืจืขืจ ื•ืœื•ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื
ืชื™ื›ืชื‘ ื–ื•ืืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื ื ื‘ืจื ื™ื”ืœืœ ื™ื”
ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืฃ ืžืžืจื•ื ืงื“ืฉื• ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืฉืžื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜
ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื ืงืช ืืกื™ืจ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ื ื™ ืชืžื•ืชื”
ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืชื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ื”ืงื‘ืฅ ืขืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื›ื™ ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื•ื—ื™ ืงื™ืฆืจ ื™ืžื™
ืื•ืžืจ ืืœื™ ืืœ ืชืขืœื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื™ืš
ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื” ืฉืžื™ื
ื”ืžื” ื™ื•ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืืชื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื‘ืœื• ื•ื›ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื ื•ื™ื—ืœื•ืคื•
ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ื™ืชืžื•
ื‘ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ื™ืฉื›ื•ื ื• ื•ื–ืจืขื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืโ€ ืœื“ื•ืจ


ืงื’

ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœ ืงืจื‘ื™ ืืช ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืฉ


ืงื˜

ื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ืฉื•ื˜ื ื™ ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืข ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื™
ื•ืืชื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืขืฉื” ืืชื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื›ื” ื›ื™-ื˜ื•ื‘ ื—ืกื“ื›ื”
ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™ ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื•ืœื‘ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™
ื›ืฆืœ ื›ื ื˜ื•ืชื• ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื ื ืขืจืชื™ ื›ืืจื‘ื”
ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื›ืฉืœื• ืžืฆื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจื™ ื›ื—ืฉ ืžืฉืžืŸ
ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืจืคื” ืœื”ื ื™ืจืื•ื ื™ ื™ื ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืจื•ืืฉื
ืขื–ืจื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ ื›ื—ืกื“ืš
ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื›ื” ื–ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืชื”
ื™ืงืœืœื• ื”ืžื” ื•ืืชื” ืชื‘ืจืš ืงืžื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื™ืฉืžื—
ื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ืฉื•ื˜ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ืžื” ื•ื™ืขื˜ื• ื›ืžืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ืฉืชื
ืื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืคื™ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื‘ื™ื ืื”ืœืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืขืžื“
ืื ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื ืื ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื ื
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืจื›ื ื•ื›ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื”
ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื™ืืจ ืœื ื• ืืกื•ืจื• ื—ื’ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ื ืขื“ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—
ืืœื™ ืืชื” ื•ืื•ื“ื›ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืืจื•ืžืžื›ื”
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•




ืงืžื‘
ืื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื‘ื“ ืžื ื•ืก ืžืžื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื ืคืฉื™
ื–ืขืงืชื™ ืืœื™ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืžืจืชื™ ืืชื” ืžื—ืกื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ืจื ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื“ืœื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™ ืžืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื›ื™ ืืžืฆื• ืžืžื ื™
ื”ื•ืฆื ืžืžืกื’ืจ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื›ื”
ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ืชื™ืจื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื™


ืงืžื–

ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืžืจื”โ€ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื ืขื™ื ื ืื•ื”โ€ ืชื”ืœื”
ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื‘ืจื• ื™ืžืฉื ื™ืฉื‘ ืจื•ื—ื• ื™ื–ืœื• ืžื™ื
ืžื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืงื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”.


ืงื”

ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื ืขืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•
ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื• ื–ืžืจื• ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•
ื”ืชื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•
ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืขื•ื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“
ื–ื›ื•ืจื• ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืžื•ืคืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืคื™ื•
ื–ืจืข ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื• โ€
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•
ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ื” ืœืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืจ
ืืฉืจ ื›ืจืช ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื• ืœื™ืฉื—ืง
ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืง ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื
ืœืืžื•ืจ ืืชืŸ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ ื ื—ืœืชื›ื
ื•ื™ืคืจ ืืช ืขืžื• ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืขืฆืžื”ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื•
ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ื ืœืฉื ื•ื ืขืžื• ืœื”ืชื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•
ืฉืœื— ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื•
ืฉืžื• ื‘ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืชื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืคืชื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื
ืฉืœื— ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื™ื—ืฉืš ื•ืœื ืžืจื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื•
ืจื ืฉื ื•ื™ืžืช ืืช ื“ื’ืชื
ืฉืจืฆื” ืืจืฆื ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื”ื
ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขืจื‘ ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื
ื ืชืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื“ ืืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื
ื•ื™ืš ื’ืคื ื ื•ืชืื ืชื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืจ ืขืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื
ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืœืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ
ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืขืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืื“ืžืชื
ื•ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ื ื
ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืžื• ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื• ื›ื•ืฉืœ
ืฉืžื— ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืืชื ื›ื™ ื ืคืœ ืคื—ื“ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
ืคืจืฉ ืขื ืŸ ืœืžืกืš ื•ืืฉ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืœื™ืœื”
ืฉืืœ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื—ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื™ืขื
ืคืชื— ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื–ื•ื‘ื• ืžื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื”ืจ
ื›ื™ ื–ื›ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ืฉื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื•
ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืขืžื• ื‘ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื ื” ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื•
ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ืขืžืœ ืœืืžื™ื ื™ื™ืจืฉื•
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืžื•ืจื• ื—ืงื™ื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื™ื• ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื• ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงืžื•

ื™ืชื•ื ื•ืืœืžื ื” ื™ืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืขื•ืช
ื™ื™ืจืื• ืžื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ
ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื• ืœื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจืื•ืชื ืืช ื›ื•ืœโ€ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•
ื™ืžืœื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ
ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงืžื—

ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืฉืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื
ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื›ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืื™ื•
ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื™ืจื— ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืจ
ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืขืœ ืœืฉืžื™ื
ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื” ื•ื ื‘ืจืื•
ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื ืœืขื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืง ื ืชืŸ ื•ืœื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ
ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช
ืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื“ ืฉืœื’ ื•ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ืกืขืจื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื•
ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืฅ ืคืจื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœ ืืจื–ื™ื
ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืจืžืฉ ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื ืฃ
ืžืœื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ
ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ืขื ื ืขืจื™ื
ื™ื”ืœืœื•


ืงื›ื

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ืย 
ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขื–ืจื™
ืขื–ืจื™ ืžืขื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ
ืืœ ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ื˜ ืจื’ืœื›ื” ื•ืืœ ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจื›ื”
ื”ื ื” ืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืœื•ื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉื•ืžืจื›ื” ืฆืœื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื”
ื™ื•ืžื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื›ื” ื•ื™ืจื— ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ืฉื•ืžืจื›ื” ืžื›ื•ืœ ืจืข ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื›ื”
ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฆืืชื›ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืื›ื” ืžืขืชื” ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื


ืงื›ื‘

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ย 
ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื ืœืš
ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื•
ืฉืžื” ืขืœื• ืขื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื›ื™ ืฉืžื” ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ืกื ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืกื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื™ื“
ืฉืืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืฉืœื™ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ืš
ื™ื”ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœืš ื•ืฉืœื•ื” ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš
ืœืžืขืŸ ืื—ื™ ื•ืจื™ืขื™ ืื“ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืš
ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืื‘ืงืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืš


ืงื›ื’

ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืœืžืขืœื•ืช
ืืœื™ื›ื” ื ืฉืืชื™ ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื
ื”ื ื” ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœ
ื”ืคื— ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืœื˜ื ื•
ืขื•ื–ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ


ืงื›ื”

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืžื•ื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉื‘
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื•ย 
ื™ื”ื•ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขืžื• ืžืขืชื” ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื
ื›ื™ ืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืจืฉืข ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื
ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืชื” ื™ื“ื™ื”ื
ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘
ืขืงืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืœื™ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ
ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ


ืงื›ื•

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ืœื•ืžื™ื
ืื– ื™ืžืœื ืฉื—ื•ืง ืคื™ื ื• ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื ื• ืจื ื”
ืื– ื™ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืืœื”
ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื
ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื›ืืคื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื’ื‘
ื”ื–ื•ืจืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืžืขื” ื‘ืจื ื” ื™ืงืฆื•ืจื•
ื”ืœื•ืš ื™ืœืš ื•ื‘ื›ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืจืข
ื‘ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืจื ื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืืœื•ืžื•ืชื•


ืงื›ื–

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœืžื”
ืื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื•ื
ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ืจืš ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ืจื ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื™ื‘ืจื›ื›ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸย 
ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื”
ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ


ืงื›ื˜

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจืจื•ื ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ืืžืจ ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจืจื•ื ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™ ื’ื ืœื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื™
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจืฉื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ืœืžืขื ื™ืชื
ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืงืฆืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื
ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ื•ื™ืกื•ื’ื• ืื—ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ
ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—ืฆื™ืจ ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœืฃ ื™ื‘ืฉ
ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ืœื ื›ืคื• ืงื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืฆื ื• ืžืขืžืจ
ืฉืœื•ื ืืžืจื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ืž ืขืœื™ื›ื
ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื”


ืงืœ

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื ืงืจืืชื™ืš ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืœื™
ืชื”ื™ ื ื ืื•ื–ื ื›ื” ืงืฉื•ื‘ืช ืœื™
ืื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ื™ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“
ื›ื™ ืขืžื›ื” ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื™ื•ืจื
ืงื•ื™ืชื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืชื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืชื™
ื”ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืงืจ
ื™ื—ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ย 
ื›ื™ ืขื ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžื• ืคื“ื”
ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื“ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•


ืงืœื‘

ืœืžื ื•ื—ืชื›ื” ืืชื” ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื›ื”
ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื” ื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ืฆื“ืง ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื›ื” ื™ืจื ื ื•
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ืืœ ืชืฉื‘ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื—ื›ื”
ื ืฉื‘ืข ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ืืžืช ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื”
ืžืคืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื ื›ื” ืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืกื ืœื›ื”
ืื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ ื–ื” ืืœืžื“ื
ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืขื•ื“ื™ ืขื“ ื™ืขืœื• ืœื›ืกื ืœื›ื”
ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ืœื•
ื–ื•ืืช ืžื ื•ื—ืชื™ ืขื“ื™ ืขื“ ืคื” ืืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ืื•ื™ืชื™ื”
ืฆื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืš ืื‘ืจืš ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื” ืืฉื‘ื™ืข ืœื—ื
ื•ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื” ืืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉืข ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื™ืจื ื ื•
ืฉื ืืฆืžื™ื— ืงืจืŸ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ื—ื™
ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืืœื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืฆื™ืฅ ื ื–ืจื•


ืงื™ื˜

ืืฉืจื™ ืชืžื™ืžื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื”
ืืฉืจื™ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืชโ€ ื™ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ื”
ืืฃ ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืœื›ื•
ืืชื” ืฆื•ื™ืชื” ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืื“ื”
ืื—ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืžืชื›ื”
ืื– ืœื ืื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ ืืœ ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ืืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืจื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื” ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ืœื•ื ืืฉื›ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”
ื’ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”
ื’ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื’ืจ ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืžืžื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื’ืจืฉื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืชืื‘ื” ืืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืขืช
ื’ืขืจืชื” ื–ื“ื™ื ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื’ื•ืœ ืžืขืœื™ ื—ืจืคื” ื•ื‘ื•ื– ื›ื™ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ื ืฆืจืชื™
ื’ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื™ืฉื™ื— ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ื’ื ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืขืฆืชื™
ื“ื‘ืงื” ืœืขืคืจ ื ืคืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื“ืจื›ื™ ืกืคืจืชื™ ื•ืชืขื ื ื™ ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ื“ืจืš ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ ื•ืืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื“ืœืคื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืชื•ื’ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™
ื”ืงื ืœืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ืืžืจืชื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื™ืจืืชื›ื”
ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืจืคืชื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ืจืชื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
ื”ื ื” ืชืื‘ืชื™ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™
ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืกื“ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ืขืชื›ื” ื›ืืžืจืชื›ื”
ื•ืืขื ื” ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื•ืืœ ืชืฆืœ ืžืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืช ืขื“ ืžื•ืื“ื” ื›ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ื—ืœืชื™
ื•ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืขื“ ื•ืืชื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื™ื”
ื›ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื“ืจืฉืชื™
ื•ืื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื ืื‘ื•ืฉ
ื•ืืฉืชืขืฉืขื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืชื™
ื•ืืฉื ื›ืคื™ ืืœ ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืืฉื™ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืœืชื ื™
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื•ืืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจื’ืœื™ ืืœ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื—ืฉืชื™ ื•ืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื”ืžื”ืชื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™
ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฆื“ืงื›ื”
ื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืื•ื›ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื”
ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ื•ืงื›ื” ืœืžื“ื ื™
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืฉื™ืชื” ืขื ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ืืžื ืชื™
ื˜ืจื ืืขื ื” ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ืขืชื” ืืžืจืชื›ื” ืฉืžืจืชื™
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืชื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ื˜ืคืœื• ืขืœื™ ืฉืงืจ ื–ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ ืืฆื•ืจื” ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื”
ื˜ืคืฉ ื›ื—ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื ืื ื™ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืชื ื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืืœืžื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืชื•ืจืช ืคื™ื›ื” ืžืืœืคื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื›ืกืฃ
ื›ืœืชื” ืขื™ื ื™ ืœืืžืจืชื›ื” ืœืืžื•ืจ ืžืชื™ ืชื ื—ืžื ื™
ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื ื™ ื›ื ืื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™
ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ืžืชื™ ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ืžืฉืคื˜
ื›ืจื• ืœื™ ื–ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื ื›ืชื•ืจืชื›ื”
ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืงืจ ืจื“ืคื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจื ื™
ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื•ื ื™ ืžืืจืฅ ื•ืื ื™ ืœื•ื ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื”
ื›ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™ ื•ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ืขื“ื•ื•ืช ืคื™ื›ื”
ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื“ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื
ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืืžื•ื ืชื›ื” ื›ื•ื ื ืชื” ืืจืฅ ื•ืชืขืžื“
ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ืขืžื“ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื›ื”
ืœื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ ืื– ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื™
ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื•ื ืืฉื›ื— ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื ื™
ืœื›ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ ื›ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื“ืจืฉืชื™
ืœื™ ืงื•ื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ
ืœื›ื•ืœ ืชื›ืœื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืงืฅ ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ืชื›ื” ืžื•ืื“ื”
ื ืจ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™
ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ื•ืืงื™ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฆื“ืงื›ื”
ื ืขื•ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืื“ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ืืžืจืชื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™
ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ ืจืฆื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ืœืžื“ื ื™
ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืคื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™
ื ืชื ื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ืคื— ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ืชืขื™ืชื™
ื ื—ืœืชื™ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืžื”
ื ื˜ื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืงื‘
ืกืขืคื™ื ืฉื ืืชื™ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืื”ื‘ืชื™
ืกืชืจื™ ื•ืžื’ื ื™ ืืชื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ื—ืœืชื™
ืกื•ืจื• ืžืžื ื™ ืžืจืขื™ื ื•ืืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™
ืกืžื›ื ื™ ื›ืืžืจืชื›ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ ืžืžืฉื‘ืจื™
ืกืขื“ื ื™ ื•ืื•ืฉืขื” ื•ืืฉื ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื” ืชืžื™ื“
ืกืœื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื’ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืงืจ ืชืจืžื™ืชื
ืกื™ื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืจืฉืขื™ ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื”
ืกืžืจ ืžืคื—ื“ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ ื•ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ื™ืจืืชื™
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืชื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืจื— ืฉืงืจ ืฉื ืืชื™
ืคืœื’ื™ ื ืคืช ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืฆืจืชื ื ืคืฉื™
ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืชืื™ื
ืคื™ ืคืขืจืชื™ ื•ืืฉืืคื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืชืื‘ืชื™
ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ื•ื—ื•ื ื ื™ ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื›ื”
ืคืขืžื™ ื”ื›ืŸ ืœืืžืจืชื›ื” ื•ืืœ ืชืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ
ืคื“ื ื™ ืžืขืฉืง ืื“ื ื•ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื”
ืคื ื™ื›ื” ื”ืืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื•ืœืžื“ื ื™ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ืคืœื’ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื›ื™ ืœื•ื ืฉืžืจื• ืชื•ืจืชื›ื”
ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืชื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื”
ืฆื•ื™ืชื” ืฆื“ืง ืขื“ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืื“ื”
ืฆืžืชืชื ื™ ืงื ืืชื™ ย ย ย ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื—ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฆืจื™
ืฆืจื•ืคื” ืืžืจืชื›ื” ืžื•ืื“ื” ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ืื”ื‘ื”
ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื•ื ื‘ื–ื” ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™
ืฆื•ืชโ€ ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื•ืจืชืš ืืžืช
ืงืจื‘ื• ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื–ืžื” ืžืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืจื—ืงื•
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืชื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืžืช
ืงื“ื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื“ืขืชื›ื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืกื“ืชื ื™
ืจืื” ืขื•ื ื™ื™ ื•ื—ืœืฆื ื™ ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™
ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื’ืืœื ื™ ืœืืžืจืชื›ื” ื—ื™ื ื™
ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ื“ืจืฉื•
ืจื—ืžื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™
ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื•ืฆืจื™ ืžืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืชื™
ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ื” ืืฉืจ ืืžืจืชื›ื”ืœื•ื ืฉืžืจื•
ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ืืžืจืชื›ื” ื—ื•ื ื ื™
ืจื•ืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืืžืช ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง
ืฉืจ[ื™]ื ืจื“ืคื•ื ื™ ื—ื ื•ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคื—ื“ ืœื‘ื™
ืฉืฉ ืื ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืžืจืชื›ื” ืžืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘
ืฉืงืจ ืฉื ืืชื™ ื•ืืชืขื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืื”ื‘ืชื™
ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืœืœืชื™ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฆื“ืงื›ื”
ืชื‘ืขื ื” ืฉืคืชื™ ืชื”ืœื” ืœื›ื” ื›ื™ ืชืœืžื“ื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื›ื”
ืชืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืืžืจืชื›ื” ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืฆื“ืง
ืชื”ื™ ื™ื“ื›ื” ืœืขื•ื–ืจื ื™ ื›ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื™
ืชืื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืชื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืชื•ืจืชื›ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™
ืชื—ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืชื”ืœืœื›ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื›ื” ื™ืขื•ื–ืจื ื™
ืชืขื™ืชื™ ื›ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืฉ ืขื‘ื“ื›ื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ื•ื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืœื•ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™


ืงืœื”

ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื”ย 
ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื” ื•ืจื•ืžืžื• ื™ื”
ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื”ย 
ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืžืจื• ืฉืžื• ื›ื™ ื ืขื™ื
ื›ื™ ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื• ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœื•
ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ืขืฉื”
ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ืš ืืœื•ื”ื™ืย 
ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช
ืžืขืœื” ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืจืงื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจ ืขืฉื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ื—
ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื™ืื–ื™ื ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื— ื‘ืคื™ื”ืย 
ื›ืžื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื”ื
ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ืจืื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื™ื‘ืจื›ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงืœื•

ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืขื•ืฉื” ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื• ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืจื•ืงืข ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืขื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืืช ื•ื™ืจื— ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื™ืจื— ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืžื›ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ืื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœื’ื•ื–ืจ ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื ืขืจ ืคืจืขื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืœืžื•ืœื™ืš ืขืžื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืฉื” ื—ื™ืœ
ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืจื•ืžืžื” ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืื“ืย 
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืืœืฃ ืขื
ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื• ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงืœื”

ืชืคืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“
ืืจื•ืžืžื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืžื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืจื›ื›ื” ื•ืื”ืœืœื” ืฉืžื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืžื”ื•ืœืœ ืžื•ืื“ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ืงืจ
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ื›ื” ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื”ื“ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื›ื” ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืฉื™ื—
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ย 
ื•ืขื–ื•ื– ื ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืืžืจื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื›ื” ืืกืคืจ
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื–ื›ืจ ืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื›ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืขื•
ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืžืœื›ื•ืชื›ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืœืชื›ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ื ืืžืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืกื•ืžืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืงืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœ ืืœื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ืจื• ื•ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžื” ืืช ืื•ื›ืœืžื” ื‘ืขืชื•
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืคื•ืชื— ืืชื” ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื” ื•ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืœ ื—ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ื™ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื™ืจืื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ื•ืืช ืฉื•ืขืชืžื”โ€ ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ื•ืฉื™ืขื
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืฉื•ืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืจืื™ื• ื•ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืฉืžื™ื“
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“
ืชื”ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืช ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืฉื•
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“


ืงืœื˜

ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื”
ืืฉืื” ื›ื ืคื™ ืฉื—ืจ ืืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื™ื
ื•ืฉื ื™ื“ื›ื” ืชื ื—ื ื™ ื•ืชืื—ื–ื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื”
ื•ืื•ืžืจื” ืืš ื—ื•ืฉืš ื™ืฉื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืœื™ืœื” ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™
ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœื•ื ื™ื—ืฉืš ืžืžื›ื” ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืื™ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืฉืš ื›ืื•ืจ
ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืงื ื™ืชื” ื›ืœื™ื•ืชื™ ืชืกื™ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื™
ืื•ื“ื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืืชื” ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื ืคืœืื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื›ื”
ื•ื ืคืฉื™ ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื•ืื“ื” ืœื•ื ื ื›ื—ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืžื›ื”
ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืจื•ืงืžืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ื•ืช ืืจืฅ
ื’ืœืžื™ ืจืื• ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืชื‘ื•
ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืœื• ื‘ืื— ืžื”ืžื”
ื•ืœื™ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื• ืจืขื™ืš ืืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขืฆืžื• ืจืืฉื™ื”ื
ืืกืคืจื ืžื—ื•ืœ ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืชื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืžื›ื”
ืื ืชืงื˜ื•ืœ ืืœื” ืจืฉืข ืื ืฉื™ ื“ืžื™ื ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™
ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจื•ืš ืœืžื–ืžื” ื ืฉืื• ืœืฉื•ื ืขืจื™ืš
ื”ืœื•ื ืžืฉื ืื™ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืฉื ื ื•ืžืžืชืงื•ืžืžื™ื›ื” ืืชืงื•ื˜ื˜
ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืฉื ืืชื™ื ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™
ื—ืงืจื ื™ ืืœ ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื ื ื™ ื•ื“ืข ืกืจืขืคื™
ื•ืจืื” ืื ื“ืจืš ืขืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ ื•ื ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขื•ืœื


ืงืœื–

ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื• โ€ ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ
ื•ื ืคืฅ ืืช ืขื•ืœืœื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืกืœืข


ืงืœื—

ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ย 
ืื•ื“ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ ื ื’ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื–ืžืจื›ื”
ืืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉื›ื”ย 
ื•ืื•ื“ื” ืืช ืฉืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ืืžืชื›ื”
ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืžื›ื” ืืžืจืชื›ื”
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ืชืขื ื ื™ ืชืจื”ื™ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื–ื–
ื™ื•ื“ื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ื›ื”
ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื›ื™ ืจื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืฉืคืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื’ื‘ื” ืžืžืจื—ืง ื™ื™ื“ืข
ืื ืืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆืจื” ืชื—ื™ื ื™ย 
ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ืชืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื›ื” ื•ืชื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื”
ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื
ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื” ืืœ ืชืจืฃ


ืฆื’

ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืœืš ื’ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉ
ืœื‘ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืขื•ื– ื•ื™ืชืื–ืจ ืืฃ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื˜
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืื›ื” ืžืื– ืžืขื•ืœื ืืชื”
ื ืฉืื• ื ื”ืจื•ืช


ืงืžื

ื•ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ืจื•ืืฉ ืืœ ื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืืฉื™
ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืชืœืคืชื™ ื‘ืจืขื•ืชื™ื”ืžื” ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกืœืข ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื”ื
ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืžืจื™ ื›ื™ ื ืขื™ืžื• ื›ืžื• ืคืœื— ื•ื‘ืงืข ื‘ืืจืฅ
ื ืคื–ืจื• ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืคื™ ืืฉืื•ืœ
ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื” ื—ืกื™ืชื™ ืืœ ืชืขืจ ื ืคืฉื™
ืฉืžื•ืจื ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืคื— ื™ืงื•ืฉื• ืœื™ ื•ืžื•ืงืฉื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ
ื™ืคื•ืœื• ื‘ืžื›ืžืจื™ื• ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื ื•ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืืขื‘ื•ืจ


ืงืœื’

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื™ื“
ื”ื ื” ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ื ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“
ื›ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืืฉ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ
ื–ืงืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื•
ื›ื˜ืœ ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ
ื›ื™ ืฉืžื” ืฆื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื
ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ


ืงืžื“

ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฆื•ืจื™
ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื‘ ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”
ื—ืกื“ื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื’ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืคืœื˜ ืœื™
ืžื’ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื• ื—ืกื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ื“ ืขืžื™ื ืชื—ืชื™
ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืื“ื ื•ืชื“ืขื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ืชืฉ ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ื”ื•
ืื“ื ืœื”ื‘ืœ ื“ืžื” ื•ื™ืžื™ื• ื›ืฆืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ
ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืจื“ ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื ื•
ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืจืง ื•ืชืคื™ืฆื ืฉืœื— ื—ืฆื™ื›ื” ื•ืชื”ื•ืžื
ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื™ื›ื” ืžืžืจื•ื ืคืฆื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™
ืžืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื›ืจ
ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ืฉื›ื›ื” ืœื•
ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื•


ืงืžื’

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื™ื“
ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉืžืขื” ืชืคืœืชื™
ื”ืื–ื™ื ื” ืืœ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื›ื” ืขื ื ื™ ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื›ื”
ื•ืืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื›ื”
ื›ื™ ืœื•ื ื™ืฆื“ืง ืœืคื ื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื™
ื›ื™ ื™ืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ืคืฉื™ ื“ื›ืื” ืœืืจืฅ ื—ื™ืชื™
ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื ื›ืžื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืœื
ื•ืชืชืขื˜ืฃ ืขืœื™ ืจื•ื—ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ ื•ื™ืฉืชื•ืžื ืœื‘ื‘ื™
ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ื ื”ื’ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื›ื”
ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื” ืืฉื•ื—ื—
ืคืจืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ื›ื” ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืขื™ืคื” ืœื›ื” ืกืœื”
ืžื”ืจ ืขื ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ืœืชื” ืจื•ื—ื™
ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื›ื” ืžืžื ื™ ื•ื ืžืฉืœืชื™ ืขื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจ
ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ืกื“ื›ื” ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื›ื” ื ืฉืืชื™
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื
ืœืืกื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืื” ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•
ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงื 

ื”ืœืœื• ืืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ืขื•ื–ื• ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื•
ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืข ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื•
ื‘ื ื‘ืœ ื•ื›ื ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื  ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื’ื‘
ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฆืœืฆืœื™ ืฉืžืข ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฆืœืฆืœื™ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช
ืชื”ืœืœ ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”


ืงืž

ืœืžื ืฆื— ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื™ื“
ื—ืœืฆื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืื“ื ืจืข ืžืื™ืฉ ื—ืžืกื™ื ืชืฆืจื ื™
ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื’ื•ืจื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช
ืฉื ื ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื ื›ืžื• ื ื—ืฉ ื—ืžืช ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืช ืฉืคืชื™ืžื• ืกืœื”
ืฉื•ืžืจื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉืข ืžืื™ืฉโ€ ืžืก ื—ืžืกื™ื


ืงืœื“

ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช
ืฉืื• ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื”
ื™ื‘ืจื›ื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ


ืชื”ืœื”

ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™
ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืŸ ืื—ื™ ื•ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ื™
ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื ื™ ืจื•ืขื” ืœืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•ืชื™ื•
ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื• ืขื•ื’ื‘ ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ ื›ื ื•ืจ ื•ืืฉื™ืžื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“
ืืžืจืชื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืœื•ื ื™ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื™
ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืœื•ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™
โ€ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื™ ื™ืกืคืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™
ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืจืื” ืืœื•ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื™ืŸ
ืฉืœื— ื ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืžื•ืฉื—ื ื™ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœื’ื“ืœื ื™
ื™ืฆืื• ืื—ื™ ืœืงืจืืชื• ื™ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจ ื•ื™ืคื™ ื”ืžืจืื”
ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžืชื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื
ืœื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื
ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื•ื™ืงื—ื ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืืŸ
ื•ื™ืžืฉื—ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื ื™ ื ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขืžื• ื•ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•
ืชื—ืœืชโ€ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืฉื—ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
ืื–ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ ืžื—ืจืฃ



ื™ื–

ืžืคื ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ื ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื™ืงื™ืคื• ืขืœื™
ื—ืœื‘ืžื• ืกื’ืจื• ืคื™ืžื• ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื’ืื•ืช
ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™ ืขืชื” ืกื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉื™ืชื• ืœื ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
ื“ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืืจื™ื” ื™ื›ืกืฃ ืœื˜ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื›ืคื™ืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืกืชืจื™ื
ืงื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืงื“ืžื” ืคื ื™ื• ืคืœื˜ื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืจืฉืข ื—ืจื‘ื›ื”
ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื“ืš ื™ื”ื•ื” ืžืžืชื™ื ืžื—ืœื“ ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื”
ื•ืฆืคื•ื ื›ื” ืชืžืœื ื‘ื˜ื ื
ื™ืฉื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื™ืชืจื ืœืขื•ืœืœื™ื”ื
ืื ื™ ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืื—ื–ื” ืคื ื™ื›ื” ืืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืชืžื•ื ืชื›ื”


ื™ื—

ืœืžื ืฆื— ืœืขื‘ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืฃ ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืืžืจ
ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืจื—ืžืš ื—ื–ืงื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืกืœืขื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื™ ื•ืžืคืœื˜ื™
ืืœื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ ืื—ืกื” ื‘ื• ืžื’ื ื™ ื•ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ ืžืฉื’ื‘ื™
ื•ืžื”ื•ืœืœ ืืงืจืื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืžืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ืฉืข
ืืคืคื•ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ืช ื•ื ื—ืœื™ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื™ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื™
ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืกื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืงืฉื™ ืžื•ืช
ื‘ืฆืจ ืœื™ ืืงืจื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื•ืืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืืฉื•ืข
ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื™ื›ืœื• ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ืฉื•ืขืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•
ื•ืชื’ืขืฉ ื•ืชืจืขืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ืจื’ื–ื• ื•ื™ืชื’ืขืฉื• ื›ื™ ื—ืจื” ืœื•
ืขืœื” ืขืฉืŸ ืืฉ ืžืคื™ื• ืชืื›ืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืจื• ืžืžื ื•
ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืจื“ ื•ืขืจืคืœ ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•
ื•ื™ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืฃ ื•ื™ื“ื ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ืจื•ื—
ื™ืฉืช ื—ืฉืš ืกืชืจื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืกื›ืชื• ื—ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืงื™ื



ืžื’ื™ืœื” QS11

ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”' ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ื“ื•ืจ
ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ื“ืจ ื™ืœืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
ื—ืกื“ ื•ืืžืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ื• ืืžืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืง ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืื•
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืจ ืžืืคืœื” ย ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืœื‘ื•
ืื– ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืจืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื ื™ื“ืขื•
ืžืขื˜ืจ ื”ืจื™ื ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœ ื—ื™
ื‘ืจื•ืš ืขื•ืฉื” ืืจืฅ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื•
ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ืชื• ื ื˜ื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืจื•ื— ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื•
ื‘ืจืงื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจ ืขืฉื” ื•ื™ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉืื™ื ืžืงืฆื” ืืจืฅ

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